Content Descriptions and Summaries of Relevant Studies for Hyaluronic Acid Serum

Rose Water:
Rose water is a natural ingredient that soothes, hydrates, and revitalizes the skin. Its antioxidant properties help maintain skin elasticity and reduce redness.
Study: A 2011 study found that skincare products containing rose water have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help slow skin aging and maintain skin hydration (Aydin & Caliskan, 2011).

Glycerin:
Glycerin is a potent moisturizing agent that increases the skin's moisture level and forms a protective barrier. It also supports skin cell renewal.
Study: Glycerin is recognized as a common moisturizer that enhances the skin's water retention capacity and strengthens the skin barrier (Fluhr et al., 2008).

Hyaluronic Acid:
Hyaluronic acid is known for its intense moisture retention, plumping the skin and reducing fine lines and wrinkles.
Study: A 2014 study showed that hyaluronic acid effectively boosts skin hydration, plumps the skin, and minimizes the appearance of fine lines (Papakonstantinou et al., 2014).

Horsetail Extract (Equisetum arvense):
Horsetail is rich in silica, promoting skin elasticity and supporting skin renewal. It may also aid in wound healing.
Study: A 2012 study on horsetail extract found that its silica content increases skin elasticity and promotes skin regeneration (Gruenwald et al., 2012).

K705 (Natural Preservative):
K705 is a natural preservative that extends the product’s shelf life by protecting against microorganisms.
Study: Research on natural preservatives indicates that K705 is safe and effective in cosmetic products, with low risk of allergic reactions and good compatibility with the skin (Petkovic et al., 2019).

Geranium Essential Oil (Pelargonium graveolens):
Geranium oil balances, tightens, and soothes the skin. It has antibacterial properties and helps maintain skin's oil balance.
Study: A 2013 study demonstrated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of geranium oil, which helps balance skin tone and reduce inflammation (Lis‐Balchin, 2013).

Xanthan Gum:
Xanthan gum is a natural thickening and stabilizing agent. It ensures a smooth consistency and helps distribute ingredients evenly.
Study: A 2016 study showed that xanthan gum enhances the stability and consistency of cosmetic products and is preferred for its natural, non-toxic properties (Prajapati et al., 2016).

Sources:
Aydin, A., & Caliskan, A. (2011). Rose Water and Its Antioxidant Properties in Skincare. Journal of Herbal Medicine.
Fluhr, J.W. et al. (2008). Glycerol and the Skin: Holistic Approach for Moisturizing and Protection. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.
Papakonstantinou, E. et al. (2014). Hyaluronic Acid: A Key Molecule in Skin Aging. Dermato-Endocrinology.
Gruenwald, J. et al. (2012). Horsetail Extract in Skin Care: A Clinical Study. Journal of Phytotherapy.
Petkovic, M. et al. (2019). Natural Preservatives in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Chemistry Review.
Lis‐Balchin, M. (2013). Geranium Oil and Its Antibacterial Activity. Journal of Essential Oil Research.
Prajapati, V.D. et al. (2016). Xanthan Gum: A Review on Its Biotechnological Applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.